Agriculture continues to be a cornerstone of Arizona’s economy, generating $30.9 billion in economic activity in 2022, according to a recent analysis by the University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
This figure, which includes both direct and multiplier effects, highlights the essential role of farming and agribusiness in supporting the state’s economy and workforce. With 126,000 jobs attributed to the sector, agriculture is a major employer in Arizona, including Maricopa County and Buckeye.
Maricopa County’s role in a thriving industry
Maricopa County, encompassing the rapidly growing city of Buckeye, is one of three counties—along with Yuma and Pinal—that accounts for 81% of Arizona’s agricultural cash receipts. The county is particularly noted for its dairy and alfalfa farming, which are vital for local consumption and Arizona’s role in the national agricultural market.
“Arizona is redefining what the agricultural community looks like—one that is inclusive, family-driven, and shaped by strong leadership from women,” said Dr. George Frisco, a key contributor to the report.
The state leads the nation in female agricultural producers, with 48% of its farmers being women. This significant figure is partly due to changes in how the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) defines “producers,” now recognizing individuals involved in farm decision-making. Many Native American communities in Arizona also follow matriarchal farming traditions, further boosting women’s representation in the sector.
Local specializations
Arizona’s agricultural contributions are diverse. Yuma County’s specialization in vegetable and melon farming, reflected in a location quotient (LQ) of 58, cements its status as a global hub for winter vegetable production. Dr. Frisco likened Yuma’s role to “what Hollywood is to the movie industry.” Similarly, Santa Cruz County excels in fruit and vegetable wholesaling, with an LQ of 162, largely due to its proximity to international produce imports.
In Maricopa and Pinal Counties, dairy and alfalfa farming dominate, showcasing the state’s regional specializations. These industries highlight Arizona’s adaptability and critical role in domestic and global food supply chains.
Challenges loom large
Despite its successes, agriculture in Arizona faces significant challenges, chief among them labor scarcity. Dr. Frisco identified this as the greatest threat to the industry’s future, even more than water scarcity. Seasonal labor shortages often result in unharvested crops, affecting both farm incomes and food availability.
Water scarcity, however, remains a pressing issue. While Arizona agriculture is among the most water-efficient in the Colorado River basin, forthcoming regulations addressing groundwater depletion are expected to impose steep costs. Farmers may have to reduce water usage, potentially threatening crop yields and profitability.
The report offers a unique perspective, suggesting agriculture could act as a buffer during times of water shortages. “Unlike urban or industrial water use, agricultural water usage has flexibility,” Frisco said. This adaptability could make agriculture an “insurance policy” for Arizona’s broader water system, although significant reductions in water availability—such as losing 2.5 million acre-feet in the Southwest—would still have severe consequences.
Buckeye’s role in agriculture
For Buckeye residents, agriculture is more than just a vital industry—it’s part of the community’s identity. The city’s proximity to urban markets provides a stable consumer base for local products, while its location within Maricopa County ties it closely to the state’s agricultural success.
With Buckeye experiencing rapid urbanization, local farmers and officials have a chance to collaborate on innovative solutions to preserve farmland and address resource challenges. Investments in agricultural technology, water management strategies, and workforce development programs could position Buckeye as a leader in sustainable farming practices.
Looking to the future
Arizona’s agricultural sector is an economic powerhouse, but its future depends on addressing labor shortages, adapting to water challenges, and fostering collaboration between rural and urban stakeholders. Public awareness campaigns could also help ensure the industry’s longevity, from encouraging consumers to buy local produce to advocating for policies that protect farmland and resources.
“Arizona’s agriculture is an evolving story of resilience,” Frisco said. “By working together, we can ensure it remains a vital part of our economy and community.”
For Buckeye and Maricopa County, the successes and challenges of Arizona agriculture are particularly relevant. By prioritizing innovation and sustainability, the region can continue to thrive as a cornerstone of the state’s agricultural legacy.
